COMPREHENSIVE NEURODEVELOPMENTAL ASSESSMENT

Making sense of complex neurodevelopmental differences.

Psychological assessment for children, adolescents and selected adults where social development, behaviour, attention, learning, sensory differences or everyday functioning overlap.

01 — THE QUESTION

Why doesn’t any one explanation seem to fit the whole picture?

WHAT YOU MAY NOTICE

You just might not be able to put your finger on what is happening. A person may have differences in social communication, flexibility, sensory experiences, emotions, attention or focused interests. They may need things to be predictable, become overwhelmed more easily, or experience periods of meltdown or shutdown. Some differences may be obvious, while others are much less visible.

WHEN THE PICTURE IS MORE COMPLEX

Frequently Asked Questions about Comprehensive Neurodevelopmental Assessment

Neurodevelopmental assessment

How much does comprehensive neurodevelopmental assessment cost?

Assessments are charged by the hour at the current rate listed on Our Fees.

Because the assessment pathway depends on your child and the question being asked, the total cost can usually be estimated more accurately after the first consultation. The first consultation generally involves approximately one hour of professional time at the current rate. For more information about why we do not offer fixed price packages, see FAQs.

We will discuss likely next steps and associated fees before you decide whether to proceed. See Our Fees → for more information and an example assessment cost structure.

What is a comprehensive neurodevelopmental assessment?

It is a broader psychological assessment for situations where several developmental differences overlap and one simple explanation does not seem to account for the whole picture.

Depending on the question, assessment may consider social communication, flexibility, sensory experiences, attention, learning, cognitive abilities, behaviour, regulation and adaptive functioning.

Do you assess for Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Yes. Autism may be considered as part of a Comprehensive Neurodevelopmental Assessment where the broader developmental picture suggests this is relevant.

We prefer to understand autism in the context of the whole person, rather than relying on a single questionnaire, observation or predetermined testing package. Assessment may consider social communication, patterns of behaviour and interests, sensory experiences, flexibility, development, cognition, attention, learning and everyday functioning.

Autism can look different between people and across genders. Some people — including many girls and women — may show less obvious outward differences, rely more heavily on learned social strategies or masking, or experience difficulties that are easier to see in their history and everyday functioning than during a single appointment. We therefore consider the developmental pattern and information from different settings, rather than expecting everyone to present in the same way.

This is also why BPA does not use a fixed autism “package”. Two people referred with the same question may need different sources of information, different assessment tools or different professional input – particularly in the case of gender differences. A predetermined battery, even when it is considered the ‘Gold Standard’ might add unnecessary testing in one case while missing something important in another.

Where appropriate, we prefer to work alongside paediatricians, GPs, occupational therapists, speech pathologists and other professionals. A multidisciplinary approach can be particularly useful where needs span several areas or where different professional perspectives can help build a clearer picture.

Not everyone needs every professional involved. During screening, we consider the referral question, information already available and what additional assessment is most likely to be useful.

How is this different from an ADHD or learning assessment?

A focused assessment starts with a relatively specific question.

A comprehensive neurodevelopmental assessment may be more useful when several areas appear connected, previous assessment has left important questions unanswered, or it is not yet clear which explanation best fits the overall pattern.

Do you use the same tests for every comprehensive assessment?

No.

“Comprehensive” does not mean completing every available test.

The assessment is broad enough to address the referral question, but the measures and information sources are still selected for the individual and their goals.

Can the assessment change direction after it has started?

Yes.

New information sometimes changes the question or shows that a different area needs closer attention.

If additional or different assessment would be useful, we discuss this with you before changing the planned scope or adding substantial additional cost.

What if several things seem to be contributing?

That is one reason a broader assessment can be useful.

The final formulation may identify one main explanation, several overlapping contributors, areas requiring further investigation, or support needs that are important even where one diagnosis does not explain everything.

Will you involve other professionals?

Sometimes.

Developmental questions can involve health, communication, sensory, motor, educational or other needs that sit outside psychology alone.

Where appropriate and with consent, we may consider information from GPs, paediatricians, psychiatrists, speech pathologists, occupational therapists, educators or other professionals.

Can school observation be part of the assessment?

Sometimes.

Naturalistic observation can be useful where seeing how a child functions in their everyday school environment would add meaningful information.

It is not required for every assessment.

Will a comprehensive assessment always result in a diagnosis?

No.

The purpose is to understand the person accurately.

Sometimes the most useful conclusion is that the evidence does not support a particular diagnosis, that more than one factor is involved, or that further assessment from another profession is needed.

Do you provide stand-alone autism assessments?

Yes. BPA can assess autism where this is the main referral question, and it is an option on our enquiry form.

We will only provide an autism assessment where we have determined that BPA is an appropriate service for the person and the question being asked. To make that decision, we first need to understand your history, your needs and any assessment or professional input you have already received.

We do not advertise a fixed autism assessment package because the most appropriate assessment process can differ considerably between people. Depending on the individual, useful information may come from psychological assessment as well as paediatricians, GPs, occupational therapists, speech pathologists, schools or other professionals.

Where it adds value, we prefer a collaborative and multidisciplinary approach rather than expecting one profession or one predetermined set of tests to explain the whole picture.

During screening, we will consider what information is already available, what additional assessment is likely to be useful, and whether BPA is the right service to complete the assessment.

02 — WHEN A COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT MAY HELP

A broader assessment can help when the picture is mixed or unclear.

Several areas are involved

Where concerns span social development, communication, behaviour, sensory experiences, attention, learning or adaptive functioning.

Earlier assessment left questions

Where previous assessment or diagnosis has explained some difficulties, but important questions remain about current functioning or support needs.

Different settings tell different stories

Where someone appears to manage in one environment but struggles, becomes overwhelmed or needs much more support in another evnvironment.

Is your child under 6 years old? For younger children, assessment may focus on school readiness, socialisation, cognitive abilities, behaviour, adaptive functioning and broader developmental questions. For more information, see Assessment for Younger Children →

03 – WHAT WE MAY EXPLORE

Multiple areas can be explored as part of one assessment.

Social & communication development

Social understanding, communication style, reciprocal interaction, relationships and participation with others.

Repetition, flexibility & sensory

Repetitive behaviours or interests, routines, responses to change, sensory sensitivities and sensory-seeking patterns.

Attention & executive functioning

Attention regulation, organisation, working memory, inhibition, task initiation and everyday executive skills.

Cognitive ability & learning profile

Reasoning, processing, memory and academic skills where these are relevant to the referral question.

Emotional regulation & behaviour

Emotional regulation, overwhelm, meltdowns, shutdowns and the situations in which they tend to occur.

Adaptive behaviour & functioning

Functional communication, social, practical and independence skills used in everyday life.


The exact areas assessed depend on the person, their age and the questions the assessment needs to answer. Results are interpreted as part of an overall profile rather than as isolated scores.

Where English is not the person’s first language, many assessment procedures can be adapted where appropriate, with language demands considered carefully and interpreter support used when suitable.

04 – CHILDREN & ADULTS

Neuroevelopmental differences can manifest differently across the lifespan.

Children & adolescents

For children and adolescents, assessment usually brings together developmental history, parent or caregiver information and school information, alongside the young person’s own perspective where appropriate.

Depending on the referral question, assessment may explore social and communication development, repetitive or highly focused behaviours and interests, sensory differences, attention and executive functioning, cognitive or learning difficulties, emotional regulation and adaptive functioning.

Information from educators can be especially useful for understanding how the young person functions outside the home. A naturalistic school observation may also be helpful where seeing the child in their usual environment is likely to add meaningful information.

Adults

For adults, assessment considers current functioning together with a longstanding developmental pattern. Some people seek assessment after years of feeling different, compensating for difficulties, or finding that increasing demands have made longstanding patterns harder to manage.

Assessment may explore social and communication experiences, relationships, repetitive interests or routines, flexibility, sensory experiences, attention and executive functioning, everyday independence, and patterns of overwhelm, meltdown or shutdown.

Where possible, we may seek information from a parent, sibling, partner or another person who knows the person well, and review school reports or other childhood records. We recognise that this information is not available to everyone and will discuss other ways of addressing the assessment goals where appropriate.

Adult assessment may also involve additional cognitive, memory, attention or other psychometric assessment where this would help answer the referral question.

Is your child under 6 years old? For younger children, assessment may focus on school readiness, socialisation, cognitive abilities, behaviour, adaptive functioning and broader developmental questions. For more information, see Assessment for Younger Children →

05 – INTERPRETATION

No single test explains complex neurodevelopmental patterns.

Questionnaires, observations and test results are considered alongside developmental history, functioning across settings, strengths and other possible explanations.

Sometimes assessment supports a clear diagnostic formulation. At other times, the most useful outcome is identifying overlapping contributors, areas that need further investigation, or practical support needs without forcing an uncertain conclusion.

06 – WORKING WITH OTHER PROFESSIONALS

Complex neurodevelopmental needs may involve more than one profession.

What BPA can contribute

Psychological assessment can provide detailed information about cognitive functioning, attention, behaviour, learning, social development, regulation and adaptive functioning.

When other input may help

In some cases, psychological assessment forms one part of a broader multidisciplinary assessment. Depending on the questions involved, we may work alongside or recommend input from GPs, paediatricians, psychiatrists, speech pathologists, occupational therapists, educators or other professionals.

03 – WHEN A MORE FOCUSED APPROACH MAY BE ENOUGH

Not every referral needs a comprehensive neurodevelopmental assessment.

Attention or executive functioning

A focused ADHD or attention assessment may be more appropriate:

Learning difficulties at school or work

Where the main concern is reading, writing or mathematics, consider:

Cognitive abilities, profile or giftedness

Where the main question is about cognitive abilities or an uneven cognitive profile:


08 – WHAT YOU RECEIVE

A clearer picture of strengths, difficulties and next steps.

Integrated findings

Comprehensive neurodevelopmental assessment findings, history and information from relevant settings brought together into a coherent explanation.

Considered feedback

A dedicated appointment to explain the findings, discuss uncertainty where relevant and answer questions.

Report & recommendations

A written report with recommendations for home, education, work, intervention, further assessment or medical review where appropriate.

09 – FEES & NEXT STEP

Start with what you are trying to understand.